23 January 2025

The Franklin Institute

We’re kind-of over science museums, but there were a couple items we wanted to see at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. And since it was free with our ASTC membership, off we went.

The institute is named after scientist and statesman Benjamin Franklin, and as such, it also houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. The institute was founded way back in 1824, making it one of the oldest science education centers in the United States.

Originally the institute was a place of research and education; classes were offered in mechanics, drafting, and engineering. The Journal of The Franklin Institute has been published since 1826, originally dedicated to patent information and documenting scientific and technological achievements but now primarily focused on engineering and applied mathematics.

It’s a 20-foot tall Benjamin Franklin in marble, sculpted by James Earle Fraser.
The Baldwin 60000 steam locomotive was rolled into the museum while the building’s walls were still being constructed.

The museum did not come into being until more than a century later, when construction on the new (current) building began in 1932. When it opened in 1934 it was one of the first in the nation to offer a “hands-on” approach.

In the late 20th century, the institute shifted its focus from research to education through the Franklin Institute Science Museum. Today there is more than 400,000 square feet of exhibit space.

Among many other items of interest, it holds largest collection of artifacts from the Wright brothers’ workshop. We also took in a show (and had a brief nap) at the planetarium, which was only the second built in the United States at the time of its 1933 construction (it’s since been fully renovated and updated).

Located in the center of a four-story staircase is Foucault’s Pendulum, which mimics an 1851 experiment by French physicist Jean-Bernard-Leon Foucault. “The experiment proved the nature of the Earth’s daily rotation around its axis.” Every day the museum sets up a circle of pegs in the center, and starts the pendulum swinging in a North-South direction. Every 20-25 the pendulum knocks down a peg, making it appear that the pendulum has changed direction, when in fact it is the earth that has moved.
An automaton is a mechanical art piece. This one was made by Swiss machinist Henri Maillardet in England, circa 1790. “The Maillardet Automaton can draw four pictures and write three poems, looking up at you when it’s finished.” It arrived at the Institute in 1928 with very little information about what it did or its backstory. A staff engineer restored it, at which point it wrote out “Written by the Automaton of Maillardet”!
A Skeleton Mantel Clock made by the Walsh Company in England, circa 1850.
A Celestial Globe made by Astronomy Professor Erhardt Weigel in 1699. The stars, constellations, etc are drawn on the globe, with Earth at its imaginary center. He replaced some of the constellations to make them more relatable for his audience – such as replacing Orion with a double-headed Austrian Eagle.
A “Tellurian,” which is also known as an Orrery, made by Black and Decker in New York, circa 1812. It’s a “mechanical model that shows how planets revolve around the sun.”
Benjamin Franklin’s Tea Set made by Meisen in England, circa 1765-1775. It was given to him by a socialite neighbor during his time living in France. Not gonna lie – I don’t really see how this belongs in a science museum.
The cover photo to this post is “one of the few surviving original Model B Flyers built by Orville and Wilbur Wright.” It was their first mass-produced airplane, dating to 1911. Please take a moment to admire the wheels, which look like they came from the Wright brothers’ bicycle shop.

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